感染预防控制最佳实践(双语)

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Integration with Quality Improvement and Patient Safety质量改进与病人安全的整合Applicable JCI Standard可实施的JCI标准The following JCI standard are directly applicable this section of text. For complete standard and further compliance information, see Appendix 1下列JCI标准可直接应用于本段。全部的标准和进一步可遵循的信息，见附录1。Ambulatory case非住院医疗 Clinical Care Program (Certification)临床医疗项目(认证) Clinical Laboratories临床检验室MGT.4.2.1 and MGT.4.6Home Care家庭治疗IPC. 1Hospitals医院PCI.10 through PCI.10.6Long Term Care长期护理机构IPC.1Medical Transport医疗转运QMI.3.7Primary Care初级医疗ODS.27 and ODS.29JCI require organization to make certain the IPC measures are given equal weight with other quality-improvement measures. These standards require that the IPC process be integrated with the organization’s overall quality-improvement and patient-safety program. It is important to have IPC representation on the quality and patient-safety oversight group and to ensure that IPC data and issues are discussed in this setting.JCI要求医疗机构弄清楚感染预防控制措施等同于其他质量改进措施。这些标准要求把感染预防控制的作用整合在医疗机构全部的质量改进和病人安全项目中。在质量和病人安全监管小组中体现感染预防控制是非常重要的，要在这个小组中确保对感染预防控制数据和问题的讨论。The JCI process is design to lower the risk of infection for patients, HCWs, and others. To reach this goal, the organization must proactively monitor and track risks, rates, and trends in HAIs. This tracking is the core of the surveillance program and is discussed further in Chapters 5 and 6.JCI的方法是设计使病人、医务人员和其他人员的感染风险在较低水平。要达到这个目的，医疗机构必须主动地监测、追踪风险，监控医院感染的比例和趋势。这个追踪是监测项目的核心，更进一步的讨论见第五章和第六章。JCI standards state that the organization should also use indicators to monitor infections that are epidemiologically important to the organization. If an organization has a large cardiac or neurosurgical surgery service, an extensive neonatal intensive care unit(s), or rehabilitation patients, it should select infection indicators specific for these patient populations. If the organization has a challenging problem with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in critical care patient, it may choose outcome indicators of infection in populations at risk for VAP for the monitoring or auditing process.JCI标准规定医疗机构要用指标去监测感染，这是流行病学在医疗机构的重要应用。假如一个医疗机构有大量的心脏或神经外科手术，一个大的新生儿重症监护室(ICUs)，或者康复病人，医疗机构将为这些病人挑选一个特殊的感染指标。若这个医疗机构中有一个挑战性的问题，如在危重病人中有呼吸机相关肺炎，则可能在监控或检查过程中选择VAP在总体中的风险作为感染的结果指标。JCI requires that risk, rate, and trend information from surveillance, monitoring, monitoring or auditing processes be used to design or to modify processes to reduce infections to the lowest possible level. As the information and the associated risks change, the organization must review and modify existing procedures, such as those associated with care of the ventilated patient or designed to decrease risk in a surgical patient. The organization use its performance- improvement model to guide these improvement efforts.JCI需要从监测、监控和检查过程中得到的风险、比率和趋势信息去设计和修改降低感染达到可能的最低水平办法。随着信息和相关风险的变化，医疗机构必须总结和修改目前的规程，象那些与呼吸机治疗相关的病人或设计减少外科病人的风险。医疗机构通过改善执行力模式去指导提高效率。JCI also requires that organizations evaluate their IPC data and information by comparing their IPC data and trends against those of similar organizations through comparative databases and against best practices and scientific evidence. This process must be carefully designed to ensure that common definition are used to classify infections as health care associated and the frequency, intensity, and methods of surveillance are consistent for the comparative organizations. It is important for the IPC program to regularly communicate the results of IPC monitoring to the appropriate HCWs, physicians, and management. The leader of the organization will use this information to provide guidance to the IPC program staff and to determine priorities and resources allocated to the IPC program. In addition to internal reporting, these standards require the organization to disseminate information on infections to the appropriate external public health agencies to comply with any regulations. The recipients of IPC data will vary among countries. Some countries have a nationwide database on infections; in other countries, all information is collected by the ministry of health or other governmental organization. When the organization receives information and reports from its public health agencies, it must take appropriate action to respond to these reports.JCI还要求医疗机构评估他们的感染预防控制数据和资料，通过与那些类似医疗机构的数据资料进行比较，获得最佳实践和科学证据。这个过程必须精心设计，以确保对医疗相关感染分类、频率、强度定义的一致性，监测方法与类似的医疗机构相同。定期向相关的医务人员、医生、管理人员通报感染预防控制监控的结果对感染预防控制项目是重要的。医疗机构领导将使用这信息来对负责感染预防控制项目的人员提供指导意见，确定开展感染预防控制项目的先后次序和分配资源。除了对内报告，这些标准要求医疗机构在遵守法规的情况下向外部的公共卫生机构传达相关的感染信息。接收感染预防控制数据的方式因国而异。一些国家有感染国家数据库，另一些国家，全部的信息由卫生部门或其他政府部门收集。当医疗机构接收到来自公共卫生部门的信息和报告后，要采取适当的活动去响应这些报告。

鬼才

Staff Education员工培训Applicable JCI Standard可实施的JCI标准The following JCI standard are directly applicable this section of text. For complete standard and further compliance information, see Appendix 1下列JCI标准可直接应用于本段。全部的标准和进一步可遵循的信息，见附录1。Ambulatory case非住院医疗 Clinical Care Program (Certification)临床医疗项目(认证) Clinical Laboratories临床检验室 Home Care家庭治疗IPC. 7Hospitals医院PCI.11Long Term Care长期护理机构IPC.8Medical Transport医疗转运BCA.10 through BCA.10.2Primary Care初级医疗 The last section of the JCI requirements calls for maintaining knowledgeable HCWs. JCI standard state that organization will provide IPC education to HCWs, patients, and as appropriate or applicable, family and other care-givers. For an organization to have an effective IPC program, it must educate HCWs about the program when they begin working in the organization and regularly thereafter. The education program includes professional physicians and nurses, clinical and nonclinical support staff, and even patient and families, if appropriate. The program may also include tradespeople and other visitors. The education focuses on the policies, procedures, and practices that guide the organization’s IPC program. The education also includes the findings and significant trends from monitoring or auditing activities, new services, or changes in IPC practices.JCI最后一节要求呼吁医务人员持续更新知识。JCI标准规定，医疗机构要向医务人员、病人，适当时向患者家属和其他陪护者提供感染预防控制方面的教育。一个医疗机构要有一个有效的感染预防控制计划，必须对在医疗机构开始工作的医务人员进行计划的教育培训且今后定期进行。这个教育培训计划包括专业医生、护士、临床或非临床服务人员，如果有可能的话，甚至包括病人和家属。这个计划也包括医疗机构中的商人和其他探访者。这一教育培训的重点在医疗机构感染预防控制项目的策略、规程和实践的指导上。教育培训也包括监控或评审活动的调查结果和重大趋势，新的项目或感染预防控制实践的变化。All JCI standards with direct and indirect IPC applicability are listed in Appendix 1.全部直接或间接的感染预防控制JCI标准见附录1的列表。

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Infection Prevention and Control and the International Patient Safety Goals感染预防控制与国际病人安全目标Applicable JCI Programs可实施的JCI项目International Patient Safety Goal 5 (IPSG.5) is applicable to the following JCI accreditation and certification programs:国际病人安全目标5 (IPSG.5)适合于下列人JCI评审和认证项目Ambulatory case非住院医疗Clinical Care Program (Certification)临床医疗项目(认证)Clinical Laboratories临床检验室Home Care家庭治疗Hospitals医院Long Term Care长期护理机构Primary Care初级医疗JCI presented its first set of six International Patient Safety Goals in 2006, with requirements that organizations directly address frequently problematic health care issues. Among those goals is International Patient Safety Goal 5 (IPSG.5), the full text of which is in Box 3-3. Case Study 3-2 shows how one organization complied with the requirements of IPSG.5.2006年，JCI第一次提出6条国际病人安全目标，要求医疗机构解决医疗服务中经常出现的问题。国际病人安全目标5(IPSG.5)的全部内容在插入框3-3。案例研究3-2，说明一个医疗机构如何去遵循IPSG.5的要求。

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Box 3-3. International Patient Safety Goal 5 (IPSG.5)插入框3-3. 国际病人安全目标5 (IPSG.5)Goal 5: Reduce the Risk of Health Care-Associated Infections目标5：降低医院感染的风险Standard IPSG.5标准 IPSG.5The organization develops an approach to reduce the risk of health care-associated infections.医疗机构制定一个途径去降低医院感染。Intent ofIPSG.5IPSG.5的含义Infection prevention and control are challenging in most health care settings, and rising rates of health care-associated infections are a major concern for patients and health care practitioners. Infections common to all health care setting include catheter-associated urinary tract infections, blood stream infections, and pneumonia (often associated with mechanical ventilation).感染预防控制在大多数医疗服务机构是一个挑战，医院感染率上升主要涉及到病人和医疗服务从业人员。医疗机构普遍的感染包括：导管相关泌尿道尿路感染，血流感染和肺炎(常常与机械通气相关)。Central to the elimination of these and other infections is proper hand hygiene. Internationally acceptable Hand-hygiene guidelines are available from the World Health Organization (WHO), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), and various other national and international organizations.消除这些和其他感染的主要措施是恰当的手卫生。国际上常用的手卫生指南来自世界卫生组织(WHO)、美国疾病预防控制中心(US CDC)、及不同的其他国家和国际组织。The organization has a collaborative process to develop policies and/or procedures that adapt or adopt currently published and generally accepted hand-hygiene guidelines and for implementation of those guidelines with the organization.为适应或采纳现行出版的和普遍通用的手卫生指南及执行那些指南，医疗机构制定策略和规程有一个协调的过程。Measurable elements of IPSG.5IPSG.5的衡量要素□     1. The organization has adapted or adopted currently published and generally accepted hand-hygiene guidelines.□     1.医疗机构要适应或采纳现行出版的和普遍通用的手卫生指南□     2. The organization implements an effective hand-hygiene program.□     2.医疗机构执行一个有效的手卫生指南。□     3. Policies and /or procedures are developed that support continued reduction of care-associated infections.□     3.策略和/或规程是为支持持续降低医院感染。未完待续

lvdongqin1963

谢谢版主老师，学习了部分内容。

ysxhk

我这个英语差的人表示很需要这个

月光依旧

老师辛苦！院感人的楷模！

黄河之水

感谢楼主的无私奉献，给大家提供了既学感控知识又学英语的机会。

爱尔兰咖啡

谢谢楼主，英语不错啊！

踏雪无痕

谢谢老师，这些单词似曾相似，没有翻译无从看起，辛苦了。